Chapter
Metallurgy & Materials
Bronze, iron, glass, and concrete.
4 entries · Chronological order
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1
Bronze Metallurgy
3300 BCECopper-tin alloy technology that enabled stronger tools and weapons, defining the Bronze Age across Eurasia
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2
Iron Smelting
1200 BCEHigh-temperature extraction of iron from ore, enabling the transition from Bronze Age to Iron Age civilization
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3
Glass
3500 BCEAmorphous solid material made from silica that enabled windows, lenses, mirrors, and scientific instruments
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4
Concrete
300 BCECement-based building material enabling monumental construction from Roman domes to modern skyscrapers
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