Dawn of Civilization

Cultivation of plants and domestication of animals that enabled settled civilization and population growth

Systems for controlled water distribution to agricultural fields, enabling cultivation in arid regions and supporting early civilizations

Circular device rotating on an axle, enabling pottery, transportation, and mechanical power transmission

Systems of visual symbols recording language that enabled civilization through preserved knowledge

Ancient Mesopotamian system where temples served as economic centers managing agriculture, labor, and redistribution

Mesopotamian scribal schools that trained administrators in cuneiform writing, creating history's first formal education system