Chapter
19th Century Transformations
Nationalism, industrialization, and reform.
5 entries · Chronological order
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1
Prussian General Staff
1806 CEProfessional military planning institution that revolutionized modern warfare through systematic preparation
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2
The Civil Service
200 BCEInstitutional FormPermanent government bureaucracy staffed through merit selection rather than patronage or heredity
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3
The Public School System
1717 CEInstitutional FormState-organized compulsory education providing universal schooling for citizens
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4
Charles Robert Darwin
1831 CEEnglish naturalist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection through scientific observation
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5
International Red Cross
1863 CEHumanitarian movement protecting victims of armed conflict and promoting international humanitarian law
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